Thailand is a party to AFTA (ASEAN), RCEP (ASEAN+5), JTEPA (Thailand–Japan), TAFTA (Thailand–Australia), TNZCEP (Thailand–New Zealand) and several other bilateral FTAs. Each agreement has its own tariff reduction schedule and its own rules of origin.
Rules of origin determine whether goods have undergone sufficient production or processing in a member country to be regarded as originating in that country. Origin is generally measured by regional value content (RVC) or by a change in tariff classification (CTC), and the criteria vary by product.
Exporters generally obtain a certificate of origin (such as Form D, Form E or Form AK) from the Department of Foreign Trade or an authorized body. Some agreements, such as ATIGA and RCEP, allow exporters registered with the Department of Foreign Trade to certify the origin of their goods themselves (self-certification). Whichever method is used, the exporter must be able to prove that the goods meet the origin criteria at every stage of production.
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